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PP 2007-01 and RP 2007-01 - Classification of Certain
Business Assets as Real or Personal Property - Issued
September, 2007
The purpose of this information release is to provide
guidance regarding the proper classification of certain
business assets. With the phase-out of the personal property
tax in Ohio, the classification of what constitutes personal
property or real property has been heightened in importance.
While this release is being issued to address some types of
property, this information release is not meant to, and it
should not be construed to, encompass all types of property
potentially subject to personal or real property taxation in
Ohio. This information can also be found in County Auditor
Bulletin No. 290.
The classifications set forth below are not intended to alter
the sales/use tax consequences of the purchase or
installation of real or personal property. In the case of
purchases of personal property, Ohio sales/use tax will apply
unless the taxpayer has some statutory claim of exemption.
While transfers of real property are not normally subject to
Ohio sales/use tax, construction contractors continue to have
sales/use tax responsibilities for any personal property or
taxable services used in performing a construction contract.
Further, Ohio’s sales/use taxes apply to certain enumerated
services. For example, R.C. 5739.01(B)(3)(g) includes
landscaping and lawn care services within the definition of a
“sale” for sales/use tax purposes. In transactions where such
services are being provided, the service may be taxable
regardless of the fact that the service results in an
improvement to real property. Other services that are subject
to sales/use tax (not inclusive) include the repair of
personal property, installation of personal property,
exterminating services, and private investigation and
security services. This information release does not address
the existence of any services that may be subject to
sales/use tax at the issuance or after the issuance of this
release.
The following classifications of certain business property
are intended to supplement, expound upon, and comport with
the definitions set forth in R.C. 5701.02 and 5701.03, and
the classifications set forth in Ohio Adm. Code 5703-3-01.
This release does not address the
classification of assets on residential property. In
addition, property classified in this bulletin as “real
property” still may be deemed to be personal property if it
meets the definition of a “business fixture” and/or the
property does not meet the definition of a “fixture” (e.g.,
certain property subject to an operating lease).
The following business property is properly classified as
personal property:
1. Air conditioning
systems that utilize specialized cooling equipment to
maintain specific environmental conditions in computer rooms,
manufacturing areas, research areas, storage areas, or other
areas that require specific environmental conditions for the
business that is conducted on the premises. But, see 26
below.
2. Amusement park
rides.
3. Bank vault
doors unless an integral part of the building and the
removal of which would damage the structural integrity of the
building. Also, see 13 below.
4. Boilers and
ancillary equipment such as, but not limited to, feed water
heaters, pumps, steam traps, steam lines, and return water
storage tanks, that are used for any purpose other
than environmental control for buildings or structures
housing people or animals. But, see 26 below.
5. Chemical lines
used for fire protection of business equipment.
6. Concrete fire
walls and earthen structures surrounding oil and
gasoline storage tanks.
7. Drive-in
windows, but only that portion that constitutes the
window itself and not the framing.
8. Electrical lines
and ancillary equipment that are specialized and used in
manufacturing processes.
9. Fuel storage
tanks, whether above ground or below ground.
10. Generators when used as
a power source for manufacturing equipment or when used
exclusively to maintain specific environmental conditions,
e.g., in computer rooms. But, see 32 below.
11. Internal
communication systems, including public address
systems.
12. Kilns
used in the drying, burning, firing, baking or similar
processes of brick, grain, pottery, ceramics, lumber, and
similar products.
13. Modular bank
vault rooms. Also, see 3 above.
14. Pneumatic tube
systems.
15. Portable grain
storage bins regardless of size. But, see 30 below.
16. Process water
transportation equipment used to transport water from
a well to a processing operation of a business establishment,
including equipment, lines, and pipes whether above ground or
below ground used to transport manufacturing process water.
This classification does not include equipment used to
transport water for the general use of the building, such as
for drinking, bathing, cooking, or fire suppression.
17. Pumps, motors,
or pipes used in connection with cooling towers,
manufacturing equipment, spray ponds, storage tanks, or
irrigation related to the business, e.g., golf courses.
18. Refrigerated
cold areas, including equipment such as panels and
insulation and the enclosure around or incident to the
equipment, excluding supporting structures.
19. Service station
canopies, all electrical wiring for the canopies, any
appurtenances to the canopies, and any concrete pads or
islands used as foundations for the canopies.
20. Signage,
including neon signs and billboards.
21. Skip hoists and
tipples. But, see 37 and 38 below.
22. Sliding boards,
diving boards, diving platforms, lifeguard stands, lighting,
rails, ladders, and filtration and chlorination
systems associated with swimming pools. But, see 39
below.
23. Special purpose
lighting and associated electrical wiring, whether inside or
outside, including lighting for miniature golf courses and
lighting for illuminating or displaying inventory, e.g., on
automobile dealer lots. But, see 31 below.
24. Storage
silos used as part of an integrated manufacturing
operation where the silos hold as part of the operation a
product that is in process, such as in chemical processing
where the silos hold chemicals on which processing has begun
but is not completed. But, see 30 below.
25. Water softening
equipment when used for industrial clothes cleaning or
in a manufacturing process. But, see 40 below.
The following property is properly classified as real
property:
26. Air
conditioners, boilers and ancillary equipment such as, but
not limited to, feed water heaters, pumps, steam traps, steam
lines, and return water storage tanks primarily used
for environmental control for buildings or structures housing
people or animals. But, see 1 and 4 above.
27. Carpet
installed and attached to a finished or unfinished interior
surface so as to indicate permanent affixation for the useful
life of the carpet. For sales tax purposes, note that the
installation of carpet is taxable. See R.C. 5739.01(B)(5).
28. Cement parking
pads, driveways, and walkways in use at trailer
courts.
29. Chemical and
water lines used for fire protection installed within
and an integral part of a building or structure. But, see 5
above.
30. Elevators,
storage bins, and storage silos used in agricultural
operations or used for storage and warehousing of raw
materials or finished goods. But, see 15 and 24 above.
31. General parking
lot lighting. But, see 23 above.
32. Generators that have
been installed as an integral part of a building or structure
and that supply power for general usage to the building or
structure. But, see 10 above.
33. Greenhouses attached to
permanent foundations.
34. Powder
magazines and any other buildings or structures
constructed in compliance with R.C. Chapter 3743 for the
storage of fireworks or other types of explosives.
35. Pump
houses.
36. Pyrometer
houses.
37. Skip hoist
houses. But, see 21 above.
38. Supports for
cranes, skip hoists, tipples, or similar property that
are an integral part of the building or structures. But, see
21 above.
39. Swimming
pools. But, see 22 above.
40. Water softening
systems when used in relation to potable water. But,
see 25 above.